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The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal(Hangzhou Section)
Good morning,ladies and gentlemen.Welcome to the cruise on the Grand Canal.I’m your guide during this cruise.My name is Jack.Our captain today is Mr.Chen.We are glad to provide service to you.
Ladies and gentlemen,a cruise tour is different from tours on the land. For your safety,I need your cooperation.First,when you are boarding the boat,please get on one by one.Second,please do not sit only on one side of the boat.Third,after boarding,you are suggested to remain seated as much as possible. When looking out of the boat or taking photos,please do not lean out too much.And finally,it is also very important to hold your cameras or mobile phones firmly and take good care of your other belongings during the cruise in case they drop into the river.With these in your mind,let’s start our cruise.
Ladies and gentlemen,the cruise is about an hour and a half.Now our boat is moving.Please sit down and enjoy the views on the two sides while listening to my telling you something about the Grand Canal.
China has a long history of canal construction.As early as Spring and Autumn Period,Chinese people began digging canals. Why did they do that?For transportation of course.But what you may not know is that, the ancient canals in China were constructed mostly for military transportation.They shipped through the canals the military provisions and soldiers to the front.As for the Grand Canal,its development falls into two stages. In the Sui Dynasty,that was in late 6th century and early 7th century,the Grand Canal went from Hangzhou to Luoyang,the capital city of the dynasty,and then further north to Beijing,with a distance of 2700 kilometers in a V shape.
It was a great project that had many previous canals connected and some new ones added.It linked up eight provinces including Hebei,Shangdong,Henan,Anhui,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Beijing and Tianjin,with five river systems,the Huaihe River, the Yellow River,the Haihe River,the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River.
The second stage of the Canal is the Hangzhou-Beijing Grand Canal.It was a project of the Yuan Dynasty in the 13th century.As you know,the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty came from the north part of China.Therefore,they took Beijing as capital.Consequently,the Grand Canal was reshaped.Nowadays,the canal flows from Beijing to Hangzhou for a distance of 1794 kilometers in a S shape.
At the 38th Session of World Heritage Committee on Jun. 22nd,2014,the Grand Canal was listed into the World Heritage Catalogue,becoming the 46th world heritage site in China.And the Hangzhou Section of it is one of the most important parts.What we are now visiting is the Hangzhou Section of the Grand Canal.During the cruise,you can enjoy the culture and landscape of the canal and experience the history of the canal.There are numerous attractions along the canal. But today we will visit two sites in particular.They are Fuyi Granary and Gongchen Bridge.
Ladies and gentlemen,Fuyi Granary was established in 1880 during the Qing Dynasty by Tan Zhonglin,the governor of Zhejiang province.At the time,there was a shortage of food in Hangzhou. So the governor asked the dignitaries to purchase 3,000 tons of grain.So there must be somewhere to store the grain.But the old granary was not large enough to store that much.So the governor bought a piece of land by the Grand Canal and had this granary built.
The name of the granary“Fuyi”was given by the governor.It means “prosperity and justice” because he believed that “kindness leads to prosperity and harmony brings justice”.The granary originally had sixty rooms of 20 square meters each and can store 1,500 tons of grain.
Since the establishment,most of the grain transported through the canal to Hangzhou was stored in Fuyi Granary.
It became not only the food supplier of the people in Hangzhou,but also a grain distribution center in the south of the Yangtze River.
The tribute grain to the government was also shipped to the north from here.It was therefore regarded together with Nanxin Granary in Beijing as “the Only Granaries Under Heaven”.48 years later,Tan Yankai,the son of Tan Zhonglin became the chairman of Kuomintang Government,the granary was once used as a military warehouse by the government.As the only ancient granary in Hangzhou,the building had completed its historical mission long time ago.
It has now been replaced by the modern elements and turned to coffee shops and designing rooms.The square courtyard for the purpose of drying the grain at that time becomes a social place for the local residents.However, as the witness of the rise and fall of the Grand Canal,the building still stands here firmly,telling us the stories happened here.After seeing the granary,let’s get back to our boat and continue our trip.
The canal connects the north and south of China,but it becomes a barrier between the east and the west.To solve the problem,many bridges have been built across the canal.Among the many bridges, I must tell you about the one called Gongchen Bridge.
Ladies and gentlemen, the stone bridge spanning the canal ahead of us is Gongchen Bridge.
Please look at the bridge. It is a stone bridge with three arch holes.The bridge was first built in 1631 in the Ming Dynasty.Let me explain the name to you.“Gong” means greeting with cupped hands and “Chen” means the dwelling of an emperor.So the bridge was actually named Gongchen Bridge to show the welcome and respect for the emperor.In 1631,the fourth year of emperor Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty,a high ranking official named Zhu Huafeng raised funds and had the bridge built.
Twenty years later in 1651 in the Qing Dynasty,the bridge falled. In 1714,the 53rd year of emperor Kangxi,Gongchen Bridge was rebuilt.In 1895,after the shameful treaty between China and Japan was signed, Hangzhou was forced to open for foreign trade.A foreign customs was established here in 1896,which was abolished after China’s victory in the Anti-Japanese War.Anyway,Gongchen Bridge is not just an ordinary bridge on the Grand Canal. It has seen the glory as well as the shame that China has experienced.
The bridge is 98 meters long and 16 meters high. The middle part of the bridge is slightly narrow with a width of 5.9 meters, while the end of the bridge is 12.2 meters wide. It’s the highest and longest ancient stone arch bridge in Hangzhou and is the landmark of the southern end of the Grand Canal. Gongchen Bridge bears very special significance to Hangzhou and its people. The bridge marks the southern end of the Grand Canal.
When people came back from far away and saw the familiar bridge in their hometown, they would always feel kind of delighted and emotional. Walking on the high and steep bridge and looking at the long canal, you will feel that Gongchen Bridge is just like a spot for memory. Now, the name of the bridge has actually evolved into the name of a large area. An area rich in the canal culture and the Hangzhou local culture.
Nearby the bridge, there are the Fan Museum, the Knife Museum, the Umbrella Museum and the Canal Museum.They provide convenience for people to learn about the canal culture. So ladies and gentlemen, this is our second stop for today. Please follow me to have a walk on the ancient bridge and a visit to those cultural sites nearby.Thank you for your listening.

grand canal Zhejiang section

grand canal Zhejiang section

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