absent-minded [ˌæbsənt-ˈmaɪndɪd]
【释】a.（思想集中在别处而）心不在焉的 （tending to forget things, perhaps because you are not thinking about what is around you, but about something else）
【例】Lydia made some absent-minded and irrelevant answers, as if she had not heard the teacher's question. 莉迪娅像是没听到老师的问题一样，心不在焉地给出了不相关的答案。
artful [ˈɑːtfl]
【释】a. 狡猾的，诡诈的（adroit in attaining an end usually by insinuating or indirect means）
【例】Morris was very artful and usually succeeded in getting what he wanted. 莫里斯很狡猾，通常可以成功地得到自己想要的东西。
assumed [əˈsjuːmd]
【释】a. 假装的（taken up or used so as to deceive; pretended）
betray [bɪˈtreɪ]
【释】v. 背叛，出卖
clumsy [ˈklʌmzi]
【释】a. 笨拙的
【例】The clumsy waitress spilled the wine on my newly-bought dress. 那个笨拙的女服务员把葡萄酒洒在了我新买的裙子上。
coarse [kɔːs]
【释】a. 粗俗的（rude and offensive）
【例】They objected to the councilor's coarse language. 他们反对评议员粗俗的语言。
【析】coarse, crude, rough和rude 都有“粗糙的，粗俗的”之意。coarse有“质量或外观低劣的，质地粗糙的；颗粒大的”等含义，还可以表示“粗俗的，下流的”；crude意为“粗糙的，粗制的”，还可以表示“粗俗的，粗鲁的；未加工的，天然的”，强调“粗略的，不精确的或未完成的”，如：a crude map of this area（这个地区大略的地图）；rough主要指“物体表面不光滑的”，常用于描述布料、皮肤、道路或海面等，还可以表示“天气恶劣的；概略的，不精确的”；rude意为“粗鲁的，无礼的”，也有“简单的，原始的，粗陋的”之意。
cowardly [ˈkaʊədli]
【释】a. 胆小的，怯懦的（not brave enough to do something difficult or dangerous）
【例】He is cowardly to make a speech in public. 他很胆小，不敢在公共场合发言。
crude [kruːd]
【释】a. 粗俗的（not showing taste or refinement）
【例】I’ve never appreciated Ralph's crude sense of humour. 我从来都不欣赏拉尔夫粗俗的幽默感。
cruel [ˈkruːəl]
【释】a. 残忍的，残暴的（causing pain or suffering）
【例】I hate those people who are cruel to animals. 我痛恨那些残忍地对待动物的人。
deceptive [dɪˈseptɪv]
【释】a. 虚伪的；欺诈的，欺骗性的（trying to trick someone by telling them something that is not true）
【例】The jury did not believe the witness's deceptive answers. 陪审团不相信目击者欺骗性的回答。
disgraceful [dɪsˈɡreɪsfl]
【释】a. 可耻的，丢脸的（extremely bad or shocking）
【例】Telling lies is disgraceful. 说谎是可耻的。
disgusting [dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ]
【释】a. 令人厌恶的（extremely unpleasant and making you feel sick）
【例】The disgusting weather prevented us from going out. 糟糕的天气让我们没法外出。
dishonest [dɪsˈɒnɪst]
【释】a. 不诚实的（not honest; intending to trick people）
【例】The teacher became furious about the student's dishonest answer. 老师对学生不诚实的回答大为恼火。
dishonourable [dɪsˈɒnərəbl]
【释】a. 不名誉的；可耻的（not deserving respect; immoral or unacceptable）
【例】The soldier was given a dishonourable discharge from the army. 那个士兵因可耻的行为被军队开除了。
disrespectful [ˌdɪsrɪˈspektfl]
【释】a. 无礼的（having or exhibiting a lack of respect; rude）
【例】Most people often criticise the government, but they are never disrespectful towards the Royal Family. 大多数人经常批评政府，但他们从未对皇室无礼。
draw back
【释】后退，后缩
【例】The crowd drew back to let the firemen through. 围观群众向后退，给消防人员让道。
eccentric [ɪkˈsentrɪk]
【释】a. 古怪的 n. 古怪的人
embarrassing [ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ]
【释】a. 令人为难的（making you feel nervous, ashamed, or stupid）
【例】That was an embarrassing situation for me. 那个场合让我感到尴尬。
fake [feɪk]
【释】a. 假的（made to look like something else, especially something expensive）
【例】Only an expert can distinguish between a fake and a real diamond. 只有专家才能分辨钻石的真假。
forgetful [fəˈɡetfl]
【释】a. 健忘的，不留心的（marked by neglectful or heedless failure to remember）
【用】be forgetful of 对…不留心的，对…疏忽的
【例】Roger was accused of being forgetful of his duties. 罗杰被指控玩忽职守。
foxy [ˈfɒksi]
【释】a. 狡猾的（good at tricking or cheating people）
【例】Robin's father was a foxy old man. 罗宾的父亲是个狡猾的老男人。
hollow [ˈhɒləʊ]
【释】a. 虚伪的，空虚的（with no real meaning or empty inside; not sincere）
【用】hollow legs 酒量大的人
【例】The words of the officer had a hollow ring. 那名官员说的话很虚伪。
humiliating [hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ]
【释】a. 丢脸的，耻辱的（making you feel very embarrassed and ashamed）
indifferent [ɪnˈdɪfrənt]
【释】a. 冷漠的
inexperienced [ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriənst]
【释】a. 无经验的（lacking experience）
【用】be inexpereinced in 在…方面没有经验
【例】Our football team is promising but inexperienced. 我们的足球队很有前途，但是经验不足。
naive [naɪˈiːv]
【释】a. 幼稚的，天真的（lacking experience of life and tending to trust other people and believe things too easily）
【例】I’ve never seen naive fools like her. 我从没见过像她那样幼稚的傻瓜。
passive [ˈpæsɪv]
【释】a. 被动的；冷淡的
plain [pleɪn]
【释】a. 不漂亮的，不好看的（lacking beauty or distinction）
【例】She has a plain face, but she is beautiful inside. 她的相貌虽然普通，但是心灵美好。
【析】normal, average和plain都有“普通的”之意。normal有“普通的”之意，修饰“人”时指“精神和身体都正常的，无缺陷的”；average指“普通的，平常的”，指“人在类型或特征上普通的或寻常的”；plain作“普通的”讲修饰“人”时，主要指“相貌不美的，长相普通的”。
rough [rʌf]
【释】a. 粗野的，粗暴的（not gentle）
【用】be rough with 粗暴地对待
【例】Don't be so rough with her, James; she's only a kid. 詹姆斯，不要对她那么粗暴，她还只是个孩子。
rude [ruːd]
【释】a. 粗鲁的，粗野的（not polite）
【用】it is rude to do 做…是很不礼貌的
【例】Rude behaviours will not be tolerated. 我们不容忍粗鲁的行为。
self-satisfied [ˌself-ˈsætɪsfaɪd]
【释】a. 自鸣得意的，自满的（too pleased with yourself or your own achievements）
【例】The self-satisfied smile on Linda's face disgusted me. 琳达脸上自鸣得意的笑让我很讨厌。
shameful [ˈʃeɪmfl]
【释】a. 可耻的，不道德的（that should make you feel ashamed）
【例】What you have done is shameful. 你做的事是可耻的。
shrink [ʃrɪŋk]
【释】v. 退缩，畏缩（to recoil instinctively）
【用】shrink (away/back) from 因…而从…退缩或畏缩；shrink from sth./doing sth. 不愿做某事
【例】The shy girl shrinks from meeting strangers. 那个害羞的女孩不愿见陌生人。
troublemaker [ˈtrʌblmeɪkə(r)]
【释】n. 惹麻烦的人，捣乱者
ugly [ˈʌɡli]
【释】a. 难看的，丑陋的（displeasing to look at）
unattractive [ˌʌnəˈtræktɪv]
【释】a. 没有吸引力的，不美的（with an ugly appearance or unpleasant or not enjoyable）
【例】I'm living in a very unattractive building. 我住在一栋很不起眼的大楼里。
uncivil [ˌʌnˈsɪvl]
【释】a. 粗鲁的，不礼貌的（lacking in courtesy）
【例】Mike is often uncivil to other members of his family. 迈克常常对家人很不礼貌。
uneducated [ʌnˈedʒukeɪtɪd]
【释】a. 无知的，未受过正规教育的（not having had much education）
【例】An “idiot” is a stupid or uneducated person. “傻瓜”是指愚蠢或无知的人。
unjust [ˌʌnˈdʒʌst]
【释】a. 不公平的
unsophisticated [ˌʌnsəˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd]
【释】a. 不懂世故的，单纯的
vain [veɪn]
【释】a. 自负的，自视过高的（too proud of your own appearance, abilities, or achievements）
【例】Dirk is vain about his looks and he spends hours in the gym every day. 德克对自己的外形颇为自负，他每天都花几个小时在健身房锻炼。
vicious [ˈvɪʃəs]
【释】a. 恶毒的，危险的（full of hatred and anger）
vulgar [ˈvʌlɡə(r)]
【释】a. 粗俗的（lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste）
【例】Martin's vulgar jokes shocked everyone. 马丁粗俗的笑话令每个人都大吃一惊。
wicked [ˈwɪkɪd]
【释】a. 有害的，引起祸害的
wild [waɪld]
【释】a. 疯狂的，野蛮的（uncontrolled or unrestrained）
【例】These trees grew in wild abandon. 这些树肆意疯长。
abominable [əˈbɒmɪnəbl]
【释】a. 讨厌的，可恶的（extremely unpleasant or of very bad quality）
abstracted [æbˈstræktɪd]
【释】a. 心不在焉的（thinking about other things, not paying attention）
【例】Max stares straight ahead with an abstracted expression. 马克斯一脸心不在焉地盯着前方。
bloodthirsty [ˈblʌdθɜːsti]
【释】a. 残忍的，嗜杀的（wanting to kill or wound; enjoying seeing or hearing about violence and killing）
【例】Hitler was a bloodthirsty dictator. 希特勒是一个嗜血的独裁者。
conceited [kənˈsiːtɪd]
【释】a. 自负的，自高自大的（having too much pride in yourself and what you do）
【例】Conceited girls walk home from school with their noses in the air. 骄傲的女孩们昂首阔步地从学校走回家。
contrived [kənˈtraɪvd]
【释】a. 不自然的，做作的（obviously planned or calculated; false or artificial）
【例】Emma wrote a novel with a contrived ending. 埃玛写的小说有一个不自然的结尾。
hideous [ˈhɪdiəs]
【释】a. 极其丑陋的，难看的（very ugly or frightening in appearance）
【例】The corpse had a hideous expression on its face. 那具尸体的表情极其丑陋。
mannered [ˈmænəd]
【释】a. 矫饰的，做作的（behaving, speaking, or writing in a way that is extremely formal and not natural）
【例】The writer's prose was far too mannered and self-conscious. 那位作家的散文极为矫揉造作。
pretentious [prɪˈtenʃəs]
【释】a. 自命不凡的，自负的；做作的（trying to appear important, intelligent etc. in order to impress other people; trying to be something that you are not, in order to impress）
【例】It's so pretentious of Jane to greet everyone in French. 简用法语和每个人打招呼，实在是太做作了。
ruthless [ˈruːθləs]
【释】a. 无情的，冷酷的（hard and cruel; determined to get what you want and not caring if you hurt other people）
【例】It's obvious from his ruthless behaviour that he is underbred. 从他冷酷的行为明显可以看出他没有教养。
sly [slaɪ]
【释】a. 狡猾的，狡诈的（clever at tricking people or at secretly doing unfair or dishonest things）
【例】The dealer won the bid with a sly maneuver. 经销商通过狡诈的操作而中标了。
unseasoned [ʌnˈsiːznd]
【释】a. 无经验的（not experienced in a particular activity or job）
【例】Unseasoned workers would not be given such a job. 没有经验的员工不会得到这样的工作。
unsightly [ʌnˈsaɪtli]
【释】a. 不好看的，不悦目的（not pleasant to look at）
【例】The car accident left an unsightly scar on his face. 交通事故在他脸上留下了一道丑陋的伤疤。
affected [əˈfektɪd]
【释】a. 做作的，假装的（not natural or sincere）
【例】Bob's affected manner annoyed her. 鲍勃做作的行为让她很反感。
censorious [senˈsɔːriəs]
【释】a. 爱挑剔的，吹毛求疵的
cower [ˈkaʊə(r)]
【释】v. 畏缩，退缩（to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter）
【例】The hostages cowered in their seats. 人质们蜷缩在座位上。
crafty [ˈkrɑːfti]
【释】a. 狡猾的，狡诈的（good at getting what you want, especially in a slightly dishonest way）
【例】That old businessman was as crafty as a fox. 那个老商人像狐狸一样狡猾。
cringe [krɪndʒ]
【释】v. 畏缩（to move back slightly from something that is unpleasant or frightening）
【用】cringe at/from 因…而退缩
【例】Chris had cringed at the thought of using his family for publicity. 对于利用他的家庭来做宣传的想法，克里斯退缩了。
despicable [dɪˈspɪkəbl]
【释】a. 可鄙的，卑劣的（deserving of contempt or scorn）
【用】be despicable of...to do …做…是卑鄙的
【例】Stealing money from a blind man is a despicable act. 偷盲人的钱是卑鄙的行为。
distrait [dɪˈstreɪ]
【释】a. 心不在焉的（not able to concentrate on something because you are worried about something else）
【例】Why do you always answer my questions in a distrait manner? 为什么你总是心不在焉地回答我的问题？
flinch [flɪntʃ]
【释】v. 退缩，畏缩（to withdraw or shrink from or as if from pain）
【用】flinch from sth./doing sth. 不想或不做（不愉快的事）
【例】Dick didn't flinch once when the doctor was cleaning his wound. 医生在为迪克清理伤口时，他从来没有畏惧。
gauche [ɡəʊʃ]
【释】a. 不善交际的，不圆滑的
gullible [ˈɡʌləbl]
【释】a. 易受骗的；轻信的（too willing to believe or accept what other people tell you and therefore easily tricked）
【例】You are too gullible to see your own danger. 你太轻信了，看不到自己所面临的危险。
homely [ˈhəʊmli]
【释】a. 不漂亮的（not good looking）
【例】The woman will be angry if you say that she has a homely kid. 如果你说那个女人的孩子不漂亮，她会生气的。
ignominious [ˌɪɡnəˈmɪniəs]
【释】a. 可耻的，不名誉的（that makes, or should make, you feel ashamed）
【例】At last the two countries concluded an ignominious treaty. 最后这两个国家缔结了一项可耻的条约。
impassive [ɪmˈpæsɪv]
【释】a. 无动于衷的，无感情的
infamous [ˈɪnfəməs]
【释】a. 声名狼藉的；无耻的（well known for something bad）
【用】be infamous for 因…而声名狼藉
【例】The King was infamous for his cruelty. 国王因残暴而声名狼藉。
insincere [ˌɪnsɪnˈsɪə(r)]
【释】a. 虚假的（not expressing your feelings or opinions honestly）
【例】Mike's sentimentalism at his wife's funeral was insincere. 迈克在妻子葬礼上表现的悲伤都是虚情假意。
irresponsible [ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl]
【释】a. 不负责的；不可靠的
【例】To protect her reputation, she sued the irresponsible newspaper which spread the rumour. 为了保护自己的名誉，她起诉了那家散播谣言的不负责任的报纸。
nonchalant [ˈnɒnʃələnt]
【释】a. 冷漠的
odious [ˈəʊdiəs]
【释】a. 可憎的，讨厌的
quail [kweɪl]
【释】v. 畏惧，畏缩（to recoil in dread or terror）
【用】quail at/before 因…而畏缩
【例】They felt their heart quailing under their multiplied hardships. 在重重困难面前，他们畏缩了。
recoil [rɪˈkɔɪl]
【释】v. 后退，退缩（to shrink back physically or emotionally）
【用】recoil from/at 因…而畏缩
【例】Mary has so great a dread of snakes that she will recoil in horror when seeing one. 玛丽非常害怕蛇，如果看到蛇就会恐慌地后退。
scandalous [ˈskændələs]
【释】a. 出丑的，可耻的（causing scandal）
【例】Clare had a series of scandalous affairs that shocked the community. 克莱尔的
一系列丑闻震惊了整个社区。
smug [smʌɡ]
【释】a. 自满的，自命不凡的（too satisfied with your abilities or achievements）
【例】The little boy looked so smug about knowing the answer. 那个小男孩因知道问题的答案而自命不凡。
stilted [ˈstɪltɪd]
【释】a. 不自然的（stiffly or artificially formal; stiff）
【例】I praised them in stilted German. 我用蹩脚的德语称赞了他们。
tricky [ˈtrɪki]
【释】a. 狡猾的（inclined to or marked by trickery）
【例】Most people fear a tricky opponent more than a skillful one. 比起技艺高超的对手，大多数人更害怕狡猾的对手。
wily [ˈwaɪli]
【释】a. 狡猾的，老谋深算的（clever and willing to trick people in order to get what you want）
【例】Joanna finally fell victim to a wily rogue. 乔安娜最终被一个狡猾的流氓给骗了。
wince [wɪns]
【释】v. 退缩，畏缩 ［to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain)］
【例】I winced when the dentist's drill touched my tooth. 当牙医手里的钻头碰到我的牙齿时，我退缩了。
When your will is ready, your feet are light.
当你意志坚强了，你前进的脚步就轻快了。
——乔治·赫伯特（George Herbert）
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